10 Events Of The Freedom Struggle That Played An Important Role In Leading The Country To Independence That Need To Know.
The year 1857 is known as the First War of Independence
Hundreds of countrymen dedicated their lives from 1857 to 1947 to escape the tyranny of the British Empire. During this period many events took place which led to the independence of India. With the victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the British laid the foundation of their nearly 200-year-old empire in India. Leading the country to the goal of independence involved many events and the sacrifices of hundreds of people who are engraved in golden letters in the history of India. Today we will talk about the 10 most important events that shook the foundations of the British Empire.
1. The first freedom struggle of the year 1857
The freedom struggle of the year 1857 started with the protest of the soldiers in Meerut. It was started on 10 May 1857 by Mangal Pandey, a soldier of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry Company, as a soldier, protesting against the use of cow and pig fat in cartridges found in Enfield rifles. This rifle had to be broken and used. The war spread to different parts of India for two years. Many people including Nana Saheb, Tatya Tope, Rani Lakshmibai participated in it. This struggle is known as the first struggle for Indian independence.
2. Establishment of Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress was established in Bombay on December 28, 1885. Its founding secretary general was AO Hume. The Congress was founded by prominent leaders like Hume, Dadabhai Navroji and Dinsha Wacha. Conditions were presented to the British and negotiations were started. At the time of its establishment in 1885, there were 72 delegates. By the end of the independence movement in 1947, it had emerged as a strong party with over 15 million members. In the year 1906, the proclamation of Swaraj was made at the Congress session in Kolkata. This was the beginning of the Swadeshi movement.
3. Opposition to the partition of Bengal
The British put themselves at great risk on two issues in India. One is Hindu-Muslim unity and the other is administrative reason. Under these circumstances, the British announced the partition of Bengal to the then Viceroy Lord Karz on July 19, 1905. Along with this, the British also decided to shift the capital of the country from Kolkata to Delhi. The British implemented some reforms in the year 1909 to suppress the movement against the partition of Bengal. Of these, the Marle-Minto Amendment was also introduced. Its aim was to create divisions between Hindus and Muslims instead of development.
4. Arrival of Mahatma Gandhi in India
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returned to South Africa in 1915 from his frozen barrister business. When Mohandas landed at the port of Apollo in Mumbai, he was neither a Mahatma nor a Bapu. He played an important role in making India independent through Kheda Satyagraha, Champaran Satyagraha, Swadeshi Andolan, Non-Cooperation Andolan, Civil Disobedience Movement, Quit India Movement against the atrocities of the British in the country. It was for this reason that he first came to be known as Gandhi and then came to be known as the Father of the Nation or Mahatma Gandhi rather than his original name.
5. Jaliyawala Bagh Genocide
The Jalliawala Bagh Massacre took place in the Punjab on April 13, 1919, at a time when reformist and revolutionary plans were being drawn up during the independence movement. On that day people gathered here to celebrate Vaishakhi. The genocide was one of the largest ever. It turned out to be a bloody Sunday for those who had gathered to protest peacefully. The knighthood honor given by Rabindranath Tagore to the British in protest of this genocide was returned.
On 13 April 1919, a detachment of soldiers led by Brigadier General Reginald Dyer shot and killed hundreds of unarmed people, including the elderly, women and children, at Jalliawala Bagh. Thousands of people were injured. This incident changed the tone of the freedom movement in India. This incident led young people like Bhagat Singh to the freedom movement.
6. Khilafat movement
The Khilafat movement was one of the most important movements in India's efforts to break the shackles of British rule. The Khilafat movement in India lasted from 1915 to 1924. Under the auspices of the Indian National Congress, Hindus and Muslims united to oppose the British Raj.
7. Civil disobedience movement
The Civil Disobedience Movement is one of the important mass movements run by the Indian National Congress against British imperialism. By the year 1929, India was beginning to doubt Britain's intentions that the British would not declare Swaraj on their own. The Indian National Congress declared at the Lahore Convention, 1929, that its goal was to achieve complete independence for India. Mahatma Gandhi started the Civil Disobedience Movement on 6 April 1930 to emphasize his demand. Its purpose is to bring down the British government in complete non-cooperation with the government.
8. A bomb was thrown at the Delhi Legislative Assembly
Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt bombed the Central Assembly on April 8, 1929 with the aim of establishing a government for the purpose of humanity, brotherhood, mutual love and equality against tyrannical and discriminatory rule. They did not flee after the bombing. The case against him then went on. On June 6, 1929, Delhi Sessions Judge Leonard Middlet was convicted.
9. Quit India Movement
In August 1942, Gandhiji launched the Quit India Movement and decided to launch a mass do-or-die movement to force the British to leave India. In these circumstances sabotage took place in many places and assumed the form of violent agitation. For this, the British convicted Gandhiji and arrested him. He gave the slogan 'do or die'. This movement is also known as the August Revolution.
10. Azad Hind Foj- Tum Mujhe Khun Do, Mai Tumhai Azadi Duga
The Azad Hind Government was formed on 21 August 1943 under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose. Subhash Chandra Bose formed the Provisional Government of India as the Commander of the Azad Hind Force. Accredited by Germany, Japan, Philippines, Korea, China, Italy and Ireland. Subhash Chandra Bose believed that the strong rule of the British could be challenged only through armed freedom struggle.
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